Lyaletski O.V. V.M. Glushkov and automated theorem proving in Ukraine: evidence algorithm evidence algorithm and SAD systems. Mathematical machines and systems. 2020. N 4. P. 3–10.
Fifty years ago, in 1970, Academician V.M. Glushkov published a paper, in which he, along with a discussion of some problems of artificial intelligence, formulated a research program called Evidence Algorithm (EA) describing his vision of the problem of a computer support of human activity in looking for a proof of a particular theorem. V.M. Glushkov proposed to focus attention on the construction of an automated theorem-proving system performing simultaneous investigations in: creating formal natural languages for writing mathematical texts in a form accustomed to a human, constructing a procedure for a proof search based on the evolutionary developing of the machine notion of an evidence of a computer-made proof step, using the knowledge gained by the system during its operation and providing a user with the opportunity to assist to the system in its proof search process. Since the inception of EA, two serious attempts have been made to implement this program. The first led to the emergence in 1978 of a Russian-language automated theorem proving and the second led to the appearance in 2002 of its English-language modification named System for Automated Deduction (SAD). And if the development and trial operation of the first system were discontinued in 1992 after the output from service of the ES-line computers, on which it was realized, the SAD system, being placed on the website “nevidal.org”, is now still available in online mode. That is, at the current time, it is possible to carry out different experiments with the SAD system and to solve various problems that require rigorous mathematical reasoning. This work is devoted to a chronological description of studies on the implementation of the EA program for the entire period of its existence and to the highlighting of peculiarities of both the systems, as well as of their common features and distinguishes. Some possible ways of the further development of the SAD system are given. Refs.: 25 titles.
UDC 004.94
Holub S.V., KunitskayaS.Yu. Polyagent functionals in information technologies of intelligent monitoring.Mathematical machines and systems. 2020. N 4. Р.11–19. The application of a multi-agent approach to the implementation of intelligent monitoring technologies in the form of monitoring information systems allows them to acquire new properties under replacing monitoring tasks. In crisis situations, when the properties of monitoring objects change dramatically, the monitoring information system is required to be able to obtain information about new properties of objects in the absence of new observations of the behavior of these objects. The informativeness of existing data sets is declining. To provide information on decision-making processes during the period of accumulation of the results of new observations requires a significant increase in the capacity of the means of extracting this information from existing data sets. Towards this, it is proposed to build monitoring information systems as a set of agents and methods of building relationships between them. It is proposed to provide the possibility of increasing the power of information transformation means by building supra-agent formations – agent functionalities. Since the requirements for agent functionals at different levels of the hierarchical structure of MIS are different, it is proposed to distinguish multiagent and polyagent functionals. They differ in purpose, structure, compatibility of arrays of input data on which their agents were built, methods of formation of relations between agents. What they have in common is the echelon structure, ensuring the adaptability of information technologies of intelligent monitoring to changes in the properties of objects and replacement of monitoring tasks. A new method of forming relations between agents in the form of ascending construction of the structure of agent functionals is proposed. The process of formation of polyagent space is described. The dependence of the emergence of the agent functional on the informativeness of the polyagent space has been experimentally proved. Таbl.: 2. Fig.: 1. Refs.: 10 titles.
UDC 519.769
Agayev F.B.Analytical support of the procedural decision-making process. Mathematical machines and systems. 2020. N 4. Р. 20–32.
In the process of legal research, private scientific methods are developed and used to study legal reality, such as the method of comparative jurisprudence, the method of interpretation (explanation) and the formal legal method. However, at the present stage of legal research, it is impossible to be limited only by these methods. Even legal scholars who consistently defend the status of dogmatic jurisprudence recognize that the application of these methods, with all their merits, sets a limiting framework in understanding the practical action of positive law and the originality of its theoretical vision. Nevertheless, the application of these methods in the study of legal reality allows us to draw a conclusion about the general trends in the development of evaluative concepts that are fundamental in civil procedural law.It is offered an approach to the formation of a system of information support of procedural decision-making based on the application of fuzzy inference mechanism implemented in the logical basis of the feedforward multilayer neural network. Under this approach, a method to overcome the semantic uncertainty in the evaluation terms of procedural law is developed by using appropriate terms (fuzzy sets) of corresponding linguistic variables. As an example it is selected the Articles on “Violation of copyright or neighboring rights” of the Criminal Code of the Azerbaijan Republic based on which has been proposed formalism for the evaluation concept of “significant harm” in relation to the sanction applied. For making an adequate to evaluation concept notion it is proposed grading scale of possible sanctions, obtained on the basis of the description of the relevant legal norms in terms of fuzzy implicative rules. Таbl.: 4. Figs.: 9. Refs.: 5 titles.
INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
UDC 004.91
Dodonov O.G., Nikiforov O.V., Putiatin V.G. Conceptual design of an automated control system for a group of unmanned aerial vehicles using the method of category analysis.Mathematical machines and systems. 2020. N 4. Р. 33–48.
Conceptual design of automated control systems (ACS) is an important stage in their development and creation. The miscalculations made here, as a rule, cannot be compensated in the subsequent project stages. Despite this, at the moment there is no sufficiently developed theory of conceptual design of promising ACS. As a rule, when forming the concept (control space) of a new ACS, either use a prototype, or fundamentally new conceptual solutions are developed. The paper presents an attempt to develop a methodology for the conceptual design of an automated control system, which expands the designer’s creative capabilities, streamlining his reasoning and reducing the dimension of the synthesis problem. A template is proposed for creating a parametric concept of ACS with its subsequent detailing through the use of the categorical analysis method. The method is demonstrated on the development example of ACS concept by a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). A constructive scheme of management information, including data groups and relationships between them is considered. Data groups are formed taking into account the multidimensionality of the management process, where aspects (points of view) are generated using the categorical analysis apparatus. The interpretation of 32 categorical subsets is proposed, revealing 32 aspects of the UAV groups usage. On the example of the UAV functioning aspect, concerning the fire and electronic suppression of the enemy’s air defense, performed as an element of combat support for the process of solving the main tasks, the data on the state of the UAV group was detailed. For the formed metric system, groups of information transformation procedures are defined. It is advisable to use the presented results to create adaptive polyaspect special software for ACS by a UAV group. Тabl.: 1. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 9 titles.
UDC623.764
Sapaty P.S. Simulating Distributed and Global Consciousness under Spatial Grasp Paradigm. Mathematical machines and systems. 2020. N 4. Р. 49–61.
The interest to what is often called awareness, consciousness, also self-consciousness, has grown enormously in recent years, with many theories and publications trying to explain what this can actually mean and where can be located. The paper is investigating the possibility of using developed and tested in different countries Spatial Grasp model and technology (SGT) for simulation of different ideas and concepts related to global awareness and consciousness in distributed dynamic systems, with potential applications in intelligent system management, industrial development, space research, security, and defense. The main technology component, Spatial Grasp Language (SGL), allows us to obtain powerful and compact spatial solutions of different problems by directly expressing their top semantics while hiding traditional system organization and management routines inside networked implementation. The paper describes in SGL a traditional organization of two opposing swarms, called “chasers” and “targets”, randomly operating in expected area. It then enriches the chasers swarm with global awareness and a sort of migrating consciousness, further strengthened by external super-consciousness capability, which allows it to drastically improve performance and make important nonlocal decisions, while moving to superior position over opposing targets swarm. Despite simplicity of the shown practical example, it gives us hope for the use of SGT for simulation of much broader and complex areas linked with consciousness like, for example, brain's biomolecular processes and basic structure of the universe. The developed networking technology can be implemented even in traditional university environments, as was done in the past for its previous versions in different countries. Figs.: 7. Refs.: 22 titles.
UDC 004.89
Hrechaninov V.F., Yeremenko T.K., Pylypenko Yu.G. Development features and the role of glossaries in the creation of military IT-projects.Mathematical machines and systems. 2020. N 4. Р.62–73.
The paper examines the role and features of the development of glossaries in the creation of information and control systems in the field of military affairs. The interest in this topic is due to the growing volume of information that must be taken into account when creating such systems. A huge number of standards in this area offer a lot of definitions of terms that can contradict each other. On the other hand, the role of glossaries in projects related to the development of information systems in general is becoming more significant. Terminology management is necessary in the interaction of various groups of developers, for interaction between developers and users, and is also the basis for conceptual information modeling of automated control systems. The peculiarities of developing IT-projects require a deep study of the subject area, which is related to the study of the appropriate terminology, both from foreign and national sources. Ukraine's course to join European military structures and NATO requires the study of relevant standards and other available documentation, including Multilateral Interoperability Program (MIP) documents. A large number of terms are related to the application of world standards of the development of IT systems. Management in the military field is hierarchical, as in any state system. Such a corporate system has the ability to create a methodological center that includes unified knowledge bases on information technology and subject area standards, terminology programs. Creation of a glossary for the implementation of IT-project that would satisfy the requirements of both users and developers is a laborious task that requires processing of a large amount of information.The paper discusses ways of developing thematic glossaries based on standardization and terminology.Figs.: 2. Refs.: 16 titles.
UDC 004.4
Ratov D.V.Modulepatternof the information web-systeminterface. Mathematical machines and systems. 2020. N 4. Р.74–81.
The paper considers the architectural template and methods of building a module for organizing the work of the window information web-system for the formation of medical certificates. To solve this problem, modern tools of web programming and software development are used: a module with the implementation of JavaScript objects – window manager and a class of window interactive interface, which allow the web application to function in the organization of cloud technologies. The software implementation is considered and the results of practical use of the developed module with objects and classes are given. The proposed architecture template of the module for the implementation of the manager and the functionality of the user window interface allowed to create a module of the information system for the organization of business logic when working with medical certificates. The modular approach has had a positive effect on the sensitivity of the user interface and the ability to scale the functionality of the system itself in the implementation of cloud technologies.Due to the modular approach, the rendering time of web-forms with the original data in most cases is very small compared to the time required by the browser to parse and display the entire database array, which has a positive effect on the sensitivity of the user interface. The generation of web-forms is of great practical importance, because debugging in this software structure is a weak point for many frameworks. The results of use showed that the mechanism of modular creation of the manager and the window interactive interface of web-forms not only organically fits into already existing technologies of construction of web-applications, but also has sufficient potential to become the core of cloud technologies of development of multiuser information systems and web- services.Figs.: 8. Refs.: 19 titles.
SIMULATION AND MANAGEMENT
UDC 519.61:621.3
Voloboev V.P., Klymenko V.P. The method of secondary sources in electrical engineering science and ill-conditioned matrices. Mathematical machines and systems. 2020. N 4. Р. 82–94.
A new approach to solving the problem of instability of a system of linear algebraic equations (SLAE) with an ill-conditioned matrix describing a discrete model of the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind, which reduces the calculation by the method of secondary sources of three-dimensional static and quasi-stationary electromagnetic fields of any geometry in inhomogeneous and nonlinear media, is considered.The essence of the new approach is all about. There is a method for correctly compiling a description of an electrical circuit. In this method, for the first time, when describing an electrical circuit, the parameters of a specific task are taken into account, but they are not taking into account in other methods. As a result, the solution to the problem is stable even in the case of a SLAE with an ill-conditioned matrix. The disadvantage of this method is the description of the electrical circuit in the form of a graph.The description of the discrete model of the integral equation is proposed to be transformed to a form of representation that satisfies the method of describing the electric circuit. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been completed. The requirements of the method of correct compilation of the description, which the form of the description of the discrete model of the integral equation must satisfy, are formulated. The analysis of the linear discrete model of the integral equation is carried out, the graph of the discrete model is constructed, and the requirements for the method of transforming this graph to the graph that meets the requirements of the method are formulated. A technique for transforming a graph of a discrete model into a graph that meets the requirements of the method has been developed. Final result: a description of a discrete model of the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind, compiled by the method of secondary sources in the form of a graph, satisfying the requirements of the method is presented.Figs.: 9. Refs.: 10 titles.
UDC 658.52.011.56:621.771.24
Ievlev M.G. Automated control of rolling modes on plate mills. Mathematical machines and systems. 2020. N 4. Р.95–112.
Indicators of rolling quality and rolling process are presented, which determine the efficiency of plate mill operation. The purposes of the automated control of rolling which consist in achievement of an optimum ratio of the mentioned indicators, and division of control channels (when it’s possible) achieving the best values of each indicator named above. Control of rolling modes (compression on passes, speeds, cooling) provides the main effect in indicators quality formation of hire and rolling process. The statement of the problem of automated rolling control is given. The choice of the optimized indicator in the problem of automatic rolling control is determined by its economic significance, the nature of the interrelation with the technological parameters and controls. One of the most economically significant for plate mills is the coefficient of metal consumption of the workpiece per ton of rolled product, or the yield, which depends on the accuracy of the implementation of the specified geometric dimensions of the rolling strip. The formulation of the problem of ensuring the minimum value of deviations in the thickness (width) of the strip from the specified value is given. The problem of optimization on one of three indicators of the rolling process is also formulated: the equivalent torque of the main drive, the electricity consumption for rolling and the time consumption of the rolling cycle, which are determined by the entire course of the rolling cycle, i.e. applied management strategy. The principles of solving the problem of automatic control of rolling modes are described. The rolling control strategies used in the ACS TP of plate mills are considered. Methods of constructing mathematical models for ACS TP of plate mills, as well as their adaptation, are described. Refs.: 12 titles.
UDC623.764
Sapaty P.S., Finkelstein R.Fighting Global Viruses under Spatial Grasp Technology. Mathematical machines and systems. 2020. N 4. Р. 113–124.
This has been inspired by the current world fight with COVID-19, in an attempt to participate in it with patented and developed networking technology, also based on spreading powerful viruses in large physical and virtual spaces. The Spatial Grasp Technology (SGT) with basic Spatial Grasp Language (SGL) is using parallel self-spreading, self-replicating, and self-matching semantic level code creating powerful distributed infrastructures for solving complex problems. The paper shows how to find virus sources in distributed networks, first, by tracing them via infected predecessors if such were fixed, and then, more complexly, by moving through nodes with lower or close infection time, also taking into account possible failures in real networks. If to outline a number of infected nodes staying far away from each other and on different sides of the infected network, the probable source may also be on intersection of shortest path trees starting in them, as shown in SGL. But analyzing complexity, dynamics, and unpredictability of spread of Covid-19, we understood the insufficiency of discrete networks for simulating its world coverage. By using the SGT capability to directly operate in continuous physical spaces too, we showed how to describe the global malicious virus in a massive way, with the infection spreading via many and so far unclear channels. The paper also shows how to model the planned distribution of the antivirus vaccine and its global impact on the virus, symbolically presented as spatial fight of benign (vaccine) with malicious (Covid) viruses. The latest version of SGT can be implemented and integrated with any existing networked systems in a global manner, with installment of communicating SGL interpreters in millions to billions copies and converting the world into a global simulation and control engine.Figs.: 8. Refs.: 25 titles.
UDC 004.02
Begun V.V., Potetiuiev S.Yu. New method for fire risk assessment. Mathematical machines and systems. 2020. N 4. Р.125–135.
Ukraine is at the last places at the international ratings concerning safety of life. It is related first of all to the fields of technogenic safety and fire safety. The values of annual losses due to fires, accidents and due to other emergency situations reach billions of hryvna, which is the essential part of the national budget and they have the increasing trends. Such situation is common for almost all branches of the industry of Ukraine except for the nuclear energy of Ukraine, which is under the additional guidance and under the additional control of the international organizations. The authors of this paper consider the prevalence of obsolete paradigm of safety management based on inspection control without risk evaluations and the insignificant adoption of the digital technologies. Modern safety management should be based on the detailed analysis of the working conditions, personnel safety modelling, population and the environment, causes of the possible emergency situations, possible errors of the personnel and thus identifying measures and means to prevent fires and accidents and reducing possible consequences. It should be the modern information technology based on the paradigm of risk-based approach, in general. This technology implies the existence of databases, accumulation of the statistical data with prompt professional processing of them, modelling of dangerous situations with live risk assessment, with permanent risk monitoring and the measures to maintain the risk at the acceptable level. Methods and algorithms for solving these problems must be defined, which allow automated processing of current values of risk parameters by computer devices in Windows and Android environments.The authors propose new algorithms for monitoring the current risk situation based on a modernized method of failure and consequence analysis, by detailed analysis of loss due to partial failures of security systems, and summarizing the results of analysis by convolution in all areas of inspection and all hazardous objects. Таbl.: 2. Refs.: 10 titles.
UDC 517.977.57
AlekseevaI.V., LysenkoO.I., TachininaO.M. Necessary optimality conditions of control of stochastic compound dynamic system in case of full information about state vector. Mathematical machines and systems. 2020. N 4. Р. 136–147.
Stochastic Compound Dynamic Systems (CDS) are complex technical systems that are created through the use of precision mechanics in combination with modern telecommunications and computer technologies.Incertitude in these CDS shows up under the influence of external and internal stochastic perturbations.The constituent elements of CDS are combined into a single system because these elements perform a single complex mission.The information exchange is wireless, there is no mechanical connection between the elements of the CDS.The paper considers groups of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are equipped with sensors or multisensors that are able to perform a mobile sensor network.The trajectories of individual elements of the mobile sensor network are trajectories formed under the influence of stochastic perturbations.This fact means that the nature of the mobile sensor network can be classified as a stochastic compound dynamic system and for the mathematical description and optimization of the movement of this system is adequate to use models and methods for optimizing stochastic CDS.The model of CDS motion is considered to be a branching trajectory or, as they say, a branched trajectory.A stochastic mathematical model of the motion of a mobile sensor network, which performs the combined mission of surveying an emergency zone, can be classified as a model of the motion of a stochastic compound dynamic system.This approach is an adequate for mathematical model creation to the mobile sensor network physical condition, for its operation in the zone of natural disaster by natural or anthropogenic origin.This paper is devoted to solving a theoretical problem related to the formulation and proof of the necessary conditions for stochastic CDS moving optimal control along a branched trajectory with an arbitrary branching scheme. Refs.: 14 titles.
QUALITY, RELIABILITY AND CERTIFICATION OF COMPUTER TECHNIQUE AND SOFTWARE
UDC 621.3.019.3+004.056
Gulak G.M. Methodological foundations for the construction of secure reliable information systems for distance learning in higher educational institutions. Mathematical machines and systems. 2020. N 4.Р. 148–162.
The principles and methods of building secure reliable information systems (SRIS) for distance learning in higher educational institutions are investigated. The analysis of the current state of scientific research, practical development and application of SRIS in the processes of distance learning in universities, the methodological foundations of building SRIS for distance learning at a university, formulated the main tasks of SRIS to ensure full compatibility of distance learning with full-time and part-time forms of student training, the ontology of entities is proposed for the first time educational process, based on the requirements of the legislation on higher education, the central element of which is a virtual learning environment. Based on the application of the constructed ontology, the priority objects of protection in SRIS are determined. In terms of building a threat model for SRIS, the components of its dependability have been analyzed, a characteristic of their possible defeat in the event of the implementation of various threats is given, the factors that flow into the academic virtue of the participants in the educational process have been identified, and SRIS mechanisms have been proposed to counteract such negative factors. By the method of analogy, a model of the learning procedure for a separate academic discipline was built, a methodology for the formation of the content of test control tasks of SRIS was developed, for which an assessment of the rational number of questions in a test task was obtained, an assessment of the probability of a correct answer to one test question and random coincidence of answers for applicants different levels of competence (high, sufficient, medium), and the border of random coincidence of test results was calculated, the excess of which may indicate a violation of the norms of academic virtue. Application of the proposed methodology in SRIS can help to increase the level of academic virtue.Таbl.: 2. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 28 titles.
